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Subaru Car Manual & Air Bag

Legacy II Station Wagon (BG) [BGC/510] 1998
(BD is a Saloon Car (?Sedan) eg non Station Wagon).

http://www.berklix.com/~jhs/txt/airbag/

by Julian H. Stacey

DEUTSCH via translate . google . com - http://www.berklix.net/trans/

Index


Caution: Some Local Links Fail As Data not yet exported
Some local symbolic links will not work with a browser from or even localy on editor's master site from as the .pdf are not [as yet] on line served by an httpd server.
For my local editing & viewing, use (Mouse copy the above into browser URL window, as the clickable href=does not work.)

Which PDF Manual ?


My Intro

My car (Subaru Legacy 1998) air bag warning light was iffy, then came on solid. Subaru Dealers had failed to fix several times { Retired first dealer seemed to improve it, but he wasn't happy it would last, & he didn't say how he'd fixed it (trade secret or more likely foreign language limitations) (I noted at 2019-10 that the cable reel (informally: Clock Spring) seal is broken). 2nd dealer had no time on 1 or 2 services, then mechanic admitted he didn't like doing electrics}. ( manual / tree / supplement / liberty_1998_2003.pdf Xpdf=3599 of 4442 calls this "Roll connector" )

My Battery

I disconnected battery, left it to stand, touched brake pedals in case any electrolytics anywhere in car might be storing charge.
Subaru dealers tell me Subarus don' t have a supplementary 2nd battery, unlike some other manufacturers eg BMW!-- Nigel warned me of BMW

My Static

My half nylon / similar shirts & non leather footwear can give static shocks eg with a friend in garage today. ... Wonder if bags blow on real current or just voltage ? - so I grounded myself to wheel chassis before removing bag.

Name SRS & Takata

"SRS Airbag" just means "Supplementary Restraint System", ie they expect safety belt to have held your body back in a crash before the bag explodes in your face . SRS is not a trade name (as I'd falsely assumed it was), so seeing "SRS" does not mean you don't have a Takata air bag, Takata are bad news:

How To Videos

There are Lots of How To videos on YouTube, eg All for different newer models I don' t have, with sundry different tips, inc. eg:
  • Torque the wheel to 38 or 49 foot pounds (Different video)
    [ My torque wrench took the steering wheel off, when set to 38 ft lb (=5.25 Kg m) & I think it felt as if wheel was probably on with less than 38] .
    Manual (I purchased { specified: 34 +- 5 N-m, (3.5 +- 0.5 kg-m, 25.3 +-3.6 ft-lb) (& also showed a normal washer & lock washer (I did not find on axle) ) ) }.
  • Wheel nut: 17 mm. Don't completely take off wheel nut, untill after you've vigorously wiggled & wobbled it loose (to avoid it flying back in your face while wrestling it)
    [ Mine had 2 screwed holes for a wheel extractor tool, which I didn't need. I'd add: I had a Crook-Lock (an anti theft Steering wheel lock bar, that locks to wheel) to aid leverage, then (I didn't use that, & while using torque wrench nut suddenly came use, & hand slammed into the lock bar; obvious lesson from the out of practice mechanic ;-) : remove what you don't need. ]
  • Don't look at air bag with a meter, to avoid triggering an explosion.
    [ If I must, (I would stand sideways, & use a 20,000 ohm / volt meter with 3 low current button cells (voltage to check), not a less sensitive DVM that could pushe lots more current using its 9V block battery or couple of chunky AA batteries. ) ]
  • "Every forum I have checked refers to either these mythical resistor plugs, or 3.3 ohm 0.25w resistors"
  • "Some 3.3 ohm resistors ( get more than you need ) "
  • My Bag is a MOMO
  • forum . miata . net / vb / archive / index . php / t - 83980 . html
    • I had installed the Momo and just used a 2W 3.0 Ohm resistor
    • As is posted elsewhere, use a 3-ohm resistor in place of the airbag. The local RS didn' t have one, so I soldered three 10-ohm in parallel (3.3 ohms). No blinkage.
    • 3 ohm resistor miata . net / garage / momo / momowheel . htm
  • www . amazon . com / MOMO - Steering - Wheel - Airbag - Resistor / dp / B009PA5HIG # customerReviews has "Stephen Rawlins
    1.0 out of 5 stars Useless - doesn't fit or work
    March 8, 2013
    Verified Purchase
    We upgrade a lot of late model sports cars with racing steering wheels, primarily Momos in both fixed and quick release. We have been looking for a elegant way to turn off the Airbag light on the dashboard.
    This device is not it. Don't waste your time or money. We eventually used a 2.2K Ohm resistor (0.30 cents) and it worked like a champ.
    10 people found this helpful
    The 2.2k Ohm resistor worked for us on 1997-2013 Corvettes
    Stephen, quick ? I tried the 2.2k Ohms with the resistor supplied by Momo and light is still flashing on my 250z any suggestions?
    " What size resister are you using Answer: 4 Ohms TL · September 1, 2018
  • One can make a dummy for an air bag (for insertion into a plug while retrofitting a non air bag wheel to a car with air bag circuitry) with a 3.3 ohm resistor ! Seen on:
    [ I wouldn't want to lose an air bag from a car, but I wanted to test if warning light does not illuminate with a resistor dummy, so I made a dummy with 3 x 10 ohm 1/4 watt resistors in parallel. Note if that dummy were exposed to 12V, that would be 12/3.3 = 4 amps ! Too much power just to sense continuity to one of the air bags. ]
  • Air bag Connectors are tricky, with release sliders on yellow clips.
    [ My connector between cable reel & car was very problematic. On the back of my cable reel, I had to carefully use side cutters on socket of black disc container, to expose the white nylon plug to pull it out. (Some kind of ratchet I couldn't release, despite pushing a blunt clipped cable tie as spacer down the hole of the socket on the cable reel chassis). ]
  • Videos all show air bags with 2 x 2 pole sockets: 2 yellow wires for air bag, + 2 black wires for horn.
My Case:
  • I've taken off: air bag, steering wheel, & cable reel (the circular disc containing thin flexible ribbon cable that American youtube videos call a "Clock Spring").
  • My car (Subaru Trend, 1998) is older than cars in the videos,
  • Mine has just 2 (yellow) wires on the back of the air bag (though I have a horn too).
  • 3 other wires out of the cable reel all go to a 2nd white nylon plug with just 1 pin : which connects to steering wheel chassis, (bottom most nearest edge of wheel)
  • The chassis of air bag is on 4 nylon posts/ locaters, presumably insulated from chassis of wheel except when the horn = airbag chassis is pushed, when presumably it touches wheel chassis.
  • When the system is powered up with dummy resistor instead of an air bag, the air bag is still on.
  • There is about 9V between both terminals of the dummy resistor & wheel chassis.
  • I can't see one of the resistor terminals being more positive than the other.
  • I took lots of photos, some relevant subset could go online later.
  • My car has no standard shape OBD Connector , though there is one (maybe 6 pin) plug hangs loose near steering.

Refs: References: (alphabetic)


Reconstructing Manuals - Which ? + Sorting & merging a myriad of tiny PDFs


Manuals Whole

workshop - manuals . com / subaruownersmanual . pdf
Owners Manual Pages=379

Whole Workshop Manuals - Large PDF

  jhsm.pdf Pages=2461, Singular Large Pdf from jhs
A Combined Repair Merge of myriad purchased mini .pdf in .zips

  usdm.pdf Pages=2436 from mega.nz & sl-i.net
Singular Large PDF: Downloaded 2024-03-26, Written 2019-12-06, probably for USA model

  • Guessing: USDM might mean United States Dealer Manual ? or Universal (ie English) Subaru Dealer Manual ? or ?
  • Page={xpdf=93 of 2436 : 1998 LEGACY SERVICE MANUAL, QUICK REFERENCE INDEX, REPAIR SECTION, FOREWORD }
  • Page={xpdf=1200 of 2436 : 6-2 BODY ELECTRICAL SYSTEM }
  • Page={xpdf=1289 of 2436 : 2-7 ON-BORAD DIAGNOSTICS II SYSTEM }
    T DIAGNOSTICS ...................................................................................2
    1. General........................................................................................................2
    2. Electrical Components Location..................................................................3
    3. Diagnosis System......................................................................................44
    4. Cautions ....................................................................................................62
    5. Specified Data ...........................................................................................64
    6. Basic Diagnostic Procedure ......................................................................70
    7. Diagnostics for CHECK ENGINE Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) .......74
    8. Diagnostics for Engine Starting Failure ....................................................87
    9. General Diagnostic Table ........................................................................114
    10. Diagnostic Chart with Trouble Code for LHD Vehicles ...........................116
    11. Diagnostic Chart with Trouble Code for RHD Vehicles ..........................420
    
  • Page={Section=2-7_T2C1 xpdf=1314 Footer=22} Diagram of car with connectors hanging under dashboard ("Test mode connector" (=single wire to spade clip wire), & "Data link connector"
xx

liberty _ 1998 _ 2003 . pdf - Australian Liberty Pages=4442
Singular Large PDF

Building of my own merge of chapters

  My Own Singular Large Pdf Pages=2461 - A Combined Merge of myriad purchased mini .pdf in .zips
Done by me, combining my ebayliverpool & emanualonline

Produced from script below:

cd service_manual ;
gs -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -q -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=\
jhsm.pdf \
diagnostics_section/foreword/all.pdf \
engine_section/emission_control_system_and_vacuum_fitting/all.pdf \
engine_section/on-car_services/all.pdf \
engine_section/engine__open-bracket_sohc_close-bracket_/all.pdf \
engine_section/engine__open-bracket_dohc_close-bracket_/all.pdf \
engine_section/engine_lubrication_system/all.pdf \
engine_section/engine_cooling_system/all.pdf \
diagnostics_section/engine_cooling_system/all.pdf \
diagnostics_section/on-board_diagnostics_ii_system/all.pdf \
engine_section/foreword/all.pdf \
engine_section/fuel_injection_system/all.pdf \
engine_section/fuel_system/all.pdf \
engine_section/exhaust_system/all.pdf \
engine_section/clutch/all.pdf \
engine_section/engine_and_transmission_mounting_system/all.pdf \
transmission_and_differential_section/manual_transmission_and_differential/all.pdf \
diagnostics_section/automatic_transmission_and_differential/all.pdf \
transmission_and_differential_section/automatic_transmission_and_differential/all.pdf \
transmission_and_differential_section/transmission_control_system/all.pdf \
transmission_and_differential_section/awd_system/all.pdf \
mechanical_components_section/suspension/all.pdf \
mechanical_components_section/wheels_and_axles/all.pdf \
mechanical_components_section/steering_system/all.pdf \
diagnostics_section/brakes/all.pdf \
mechanical_components_section/brakes/all.pdf \
mechanical_components_section/pedal_system_and_control_cables/all.pdf \
mechanical_components_section/heater_and_ventilator/all.pdf \
mechanical_components_section/air_conditioning_system/all.pdf \
body_section/body_and_exterior/all.pdf \
body_section/doors_and_windows/all.pdf \
body_section/seats,_seat_belts,_and_interior/all.pdf \
body_section/instrument_panel/all.pdf \
body_section/supplemental_restraint_system/all.pdf \
diagnostics_section/supplemental_restraint_system/all.pdf \
electrical_section/engine_electrical_system/all.pdf \
electrical_section/body_electrical_system/all.pdf \
diagnostics_section/body_electrical_system__open-bracket_cruise_control_close-bracket_/all.pdf \
diagnostics_section/body_electrical_system__open-bracket_electrical_parts_close-bracket_/all.pdf \
wiring_diagram/foreword/all.pdf \
wiring_diagram/wiring_diagram/all.pdf

Manual: Downloaded, Pages Merged To Chapters & Indexed


  • OBD2 Adding to a 1998 Subaru

    "Subaru OBD2 Pinout" By Busaru
    youtube . com / watch ? v=17Yvm4WBMBk
    Frame Grab: subaru_obd2_addition.png
    Pin-No Comment
    04 Ground
    05 Ground
    07 ECM Pin 93
    08 ATCU
    12 ECM Pin 91
    13 ECM Pin 92
    16 12 V
    
    Pins, Colour Written Description of Audio by BUSARU
    4 & 5 "black with a red stripe and silver tracer"
    I See: 4 Black with very dark red (ie I see brown) stripe & silver thin band
    I See: 5 black with silver band
    7 orange with white stripe & silver tracer (ie thin band) goe to computer ECM Pin 93
    8 solid red with silver tracer (band) to Automatic Transmission (ATCU) - cut & insulated = not needed for a VW swap
    12 light green with red stripe & silver tracer (band), goes to ECM Pin 91
    13 light green with white stripe and silver tracer (band) ECM Pin 92
    16 solid red with 2 silver tracers (bands) 12V, straight to battery, or rewire via ignition to avoid battery drain.
    Comments
    +Mart Brandjes In North America OBD2 was standard in 1995 for Subarus.

    Bóbr Bobrowski 1 year ago
    in Europe some cars from 98 have OBD style socket with subaru protocol all after 00 have same thing and after 02 its full OBD support present

    Marc Instone 3 years ago
    Is pin 7 what they call the K-Line ?

    +Marc I believe that's right. To be honest, I' m not really sure what it means, just haven' t researched it.

    BUSARU 1 year ago
    +Bóbr Bobrowski Sorry mate, I should have mentioned that in the video - 98 Legacy.

    jhs@:He lists where pin numbers on OBD socket go to, but Not to another older diagnostic socket on a Subaru, but to a Subaru ECM/ECU/Computer. (ECU = Engine Control Unit) (for some VW project).

    OBD2 Connector, 2-7_[T2A3], Also known as Data Link Connector

    • wikipedia OBD2
    • Number: B40
    • Colour: Gray,
    • Location:(if present)
    • Pin-out:2 rows of 8 pins = 16 pin, sloped slides. Female Socket Seen from front:
      +-----------------------------+
      .\ .01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 ./
      ..\ 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 /
      ...+-----------------------+
      

    OBD2 Conflict

    xx1
    The data in indent "liberty_1998_2003" below was copied in 2024-03-24,
    The pin numbering conflicts with both wikipedia OBD2 & youtube . com / watch ? v=17Yvm4WBMBk Subaru OBD2 Pinout }
    I've not yet compared with pinout in usdm.pdf Pages=2436
    JJLATER compare this pinout with OBD2 Subaru To Wikipedia:

    manual / tree / supplement / liberty_1998_2003.pdf Page={Xpdf=427 of 4442 Footer=EN(H4SO)-29}
    DATA LINK CONNECTOR
    ENGINE DIAGNOSTICS
    8. Data Link Connector
    A: NOTE
    This connector is used both for OBD-II general scan tools and the Subaru Select Monitor.
    .............|===|
    ...+-----------------------+
    ../ 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 \
    ./ .09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 .\
    +-----------------------------+
    Terminal Contents
    01 Power
    02 Blank
    03 Blank
    04 Blank
    05 Blank
    06 Blank
    07 Blank
    08 Blank
    09 Blank
    10 K-Line of ISO 9141 CARB
    11 Blank
    12 Ground
    13 Ground
    14 Blank
    15 Blank
    16 Blank
    

  • youtube . com / watch ? v=zgrifWm3G6k

    How to read Pre-99' Subaru Engine Error Codes

    join the 2 black plugs, turn on ignition (don't start engine)
    'Check Engine" flashes (if a previous vendor has not crippled it).
    Count number of flashes
    If the CEL flashes regularly ie more than 6 long flashes, then there are no stored codes.
    Reset ECU by disconnecting battery overnight.
  • youtube . com / watch ? v=3y55wdRsa3Q
    Light brown singular plug:
    is oldest Subaru plug for diagnostic scanner.
    Called: Select Monitor One.
    4 pins in a row, 3 occupied + 1 small hole in middle
    2 green Connectors to join together:
    Called D (Dealer) check.
    2 contacts at right angles
    turns all solenoids on. (I tried it, on & off maybe each second)
    Listen for solenoid clicks & fans whirring.
    2 black Connectors
    2 Connectors (I think
    for error codes "U Check")
    Singular black connector:
    7 pin, used with ground wires, to set a condition to get more error codes
  • youtube . com / watch ? v=g1K7PqhmDW8
    the singular black connector:
    hold it toward you like a 'U'
    top left of U is pin 1, top right is 2,
    don't use bottom 4 contacts,
    there are 2 loose pins for shorting
    depending on model both black, or black & white.
    • pin 1 if earthed (with ignition on): initiates error display
    • pin 2 if earthed as well as 1 (with ignition on): clears error memory.
    • long blink indicates decades of error codes 10,20 etc,
    • short blink is digits 0,1,2
    • long slow blinks continuously means no more errors
    • Error codes: vehix411 . com diverts to karmanauto . com
      karmanauto . com / ? s=subaru & post_type=product  crash codes
    • airbag control system codes or also known as airbag trouble codes
    • for subaru wrx sti 02, 03, 04, 05
    • will probably work for most subaru year 2000 and 2005.
    • 11 airbag harness driver circuit is open, short, or short to ground
    • 12 airbag harness passenger circuit open, short, short to ground
    • 15 airbag module harness driver is short to power supply
    • 16 airbag harness circuit passenger short to power supply
    • 21 airbag control module is faulty
    • 22 front airbag module and seat belt pretensioner l / r inflated
    • 23 Connectors not connected properly to airbag control module
    • 24 airbag control module is faulty
    • 25 airbag control module is faulty
    • 31 front sub sensor harness r side
    • 32 front sub sensor harness l side
    • 41 side airbag harness r side is faulty
    • 42 side airbag harness l side is faulty
    • 45 side airbag harness r side is shorted to power supply
    • 46 side airbag harness l side is shorted to power supply
    • 51 side airbag sensor r side is faulty
    • 52 side airbag sensor l side is faulty
    • 53 side airbag sensor r side is faulty
    • 54 side airbag sensor l side is faulty
    • 55 side airbag module is inflated
    • 61 seat belt pretensioner r side circuit open, short, short to ground
    • 62 seat belt pretensioner l side circuit open, short, short to ground
    • 65 seat belt pretensioner r side circuit open, short, short to ground
    • 66 seat belt pretensioner l side circuit open, short, short to ground
    • (If a seat belt is removed, fake it out with a 3 ohm .25 watt (eg 3 x 10 ohm in parallel)).
First note if it stays on > 7 sec, or comes back on after 30 sec.

Connectors


There are Two Alternate Data Link Connectors"


Subaru OBD1 Scanner

youtube . com / watch ? v=nBAhKVh29qk
- The B10 scan tool Selector Monitor Connector is a mid brown, one can make a cable with a subaru stereo plug to parallel port of a PC. Shows on his screen as:
For 1998-1994 North American
Subaru Legacy Models .
Vikash Hoel vikashgoel@@@gmail.com
www . surrealmirage . com / vrg3/
Yellow 9-pin Subaru 1.2...3.4
Select Monitor port 5.6.7.8.9
Copyright (c) 2004-2012 Vikash Ravi Coel.
This program is free software and comes with absolutely no warranty.

Check Connector [ - 'U' Connector ]

  • Colour: Black
  • Function: Connect both for flash codes for engine error codes

  • Some versions of car (inc. mine) have U shape with more pins.

  • Number: B79
  • Location: behind right seam of knee panel.
  • Pin-out: 6 in a row
    +-------------+
    | X X X X X X |
    +-------------+
    

Diagnosis Connector (Name from 5-5_[T4A1]), Name 'U' from Videos

  • Number: B82 3F
  • Colour: Black (on my car)
  • Location
  • Pin-out
    +---+ . . . +---+
    | 1 | . . . | 2 |
    | . +-------+ . |
    | 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 |
    +---------------+
    
  • Function:
    • First put a wire into pin 1, to get output blink codes. Under the dashboard is dark & cramped, I I lay with head on foot well floor, backside on vehicle rim legs outside vehicle. I needed to mentally rotate connector, as it's an oblong stretched U format (not a square or round pin connector). & mine appeared with pins 1 & 2 apparently down, not up :
      • Blink on for 1.2 secs is decades, eg: 10,20,30
      • Blink on for 0.3 secs is units, eg: 1,2,3
      • Steady on & off with each 0.6 secs = all OK, no error.
    • Note the error (or all errors, may be more than one). To clear the error log: Put 2nd wire in pin 2 while blinking for minimum 3 secs.

Another Diagnosis Connector ?

9 pin connector, yellow
Picture of a yellow 9 pin connector from surrealmirage . com / vrg3 / b10scan/ Where they call it a Diagnosis Connector,
But my manual calls a different plug a Diagnostic Connector
(but I have picture on my phone of that yellow plag my car, (a green plug seems adjacent in photo, though depth of perspective unknown) though my car is a next generation Legacy 2)
"B10 Scan Tool
This is a very simple scan tool to read some parameters in realtime from the ECU on 1990-1994 North American Subaru Legacy models using x86-based computers.
Connecting to the car
Diagnosis connector
Select Monitor connector Under the driver side dash there is a yellow 9-pin diagnosis connector intended to interface with the Subaru Select Monitor."
+----+ +----+
| 1 2 - 3 4 |
| 5 6 7 8 9 |
+-----------+
2 Green/White = Transmit
3 Light Green/Red = Receive
9 Black/Red = Ground

My connector photos

__ __ __

Check Dealer Connector

  • Number: B75 + B76
  • Colour: Green
  • Location:
  • Pin-out:2 x 2 Pin
  • Function: Turns on all solenoids

Mode Actuator


SSM Connector 2-7_[T2A3]


Test Mode Connector

2-7_[T2A3]
Page={Footer=134 Xpdf={34 of 56}}

wiring_diagram / wiring_diagram / all.pdf
(25) Check Connector < Ref to 6-3_[D7B4] >
under wheel, behind right seam.

manual / tree / supplement / liberty_1998_2003.pdf Page={Xpdf=440 of 4442 Footer=EN(H4SO)-29}

{========== (This whole indented section is for a newer car than mine, ENGINE (DIAGNOSTICS)
INSPECTION MODE
1. PREPARATION FOR THE INSPECTION MODE
# Before raising the vehicle, ensure parking brakes are applied. ...
6) Connect test mode connector (A) at the lower portion of instrument panel (on the driver's side), to the side of the center console box. (Diag N-00711 shows 2 single core spade connectors)
Xpdf=445
After the memory has been cleared, the ISC must be initialized. To do this, turn the ignition switch to the ON position. Wait 3 seconds before starting the engine
Click Body section
Click airbag diagnostic
page= Xpdf=3586 "perform the clear memory mode. < Ref. to AB-22, Clear Memory Mode. >" .br Xpdf=3604 of 4442, Footer=AB20 shows Diagnosis Connector with
+-------+ . . . +---+
| 1 . 2 | . . . | 3 |
| . . . +-------+ . |
| 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 |
+-------------------+
xpdf=3667 .br The pretensioner system has a backup power source. The pretensioner might deploy if you do not wait for 20 seconds or more before starting. ... Do not use a circuit tester to check resistance of the pretensioner ==========}

Unknown Connector

  • Number: ?
  • Colour: Light Brown
  • Location:
  • Pin-out: 5 pins in a row
    +-----------+
    | X X X X X |
    +-----------+
    
  • Function:
  • Note: Up to 1995+.

  My error codes

11, 22, 12

Problems

Copyright & Right To Repair etc

K Line

A Search for "SUBARU SELECT MONITOR"

Shows various test devices on sale on ebay & a mouse zoom in on connectors may be instructive.
Odds:

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